kilo/kilo.c

#define _DEFAULT_SOURCE
#define KILO_VERSION "0.0.1"

#include <ctype.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <limits.h>
#include <stdbool.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <termios.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define CTRL_KEY(key) ((key) & 0x1f)

#define MAX(a,b) (((a)>(b))?(a):(b))
#define MIN(a,b) (((a)<(b))?(a):(b))

/*****************************************************************************/

struct render_buf;
struct input_buf;

struct EROW {
    char *chars;
    int n_chars;
    char *render;
    int rsize;
};

struct {
    int cx, cy;
    int screenrows, screencols;
    int row_off, col_off;
    bool running;

    struct EROW *rows;
    int n_rows;

    struct render_buf *rb;
    struct input_buf *ib;
    struct termios orig_termios;
} E;

enum KEYS {
    HOME = 0x100,
    DEL,
    PG_UP,
    PG_DOWN,
    END,
    ARROW_UP,
    ARROW_DOWN,
    ARROW_LEFT,
    ARROW_RIGHT,
    NOP
};

enum SCROLL_DIR {
    SCROLL_UP,
    SCROLL_DOWN
};

typedef uint16_t KEY;

/*****************************************************************************/

void editor_init(void);
void editor_free(void);
void editor_open(char *);

void editor_redraw_screen(void);
void editor_draw_rows(void);
void editor_append_row(const char *, int);

void editor_process_key(void);
void editor_move_cursor(KEY);
void editor_adjust_viewport(void);

struct render_buf *rb_init(void);
void rb_append(struct render_buf *, const char *, int);
void rb_write(struct render_buf *);
void rb_clear(struct render_buf *);
void rb_free(struct render_buf *);

struct input_buf *ib_init(int);
KEY ib_read(struct input_buf *);
void ib_write(struct input_buf *, KEY);
bool ib_empty(struct input_buf *);
void ib_free(struct input_buf *);

int term_enable_raw(void);
void term_disable_raw(void);
int term_clear(void);
int term_cursor_hidden(bool);
int term_get_win_size(int *, int *);
int term_get_cursor_pos(int *, int *);
int term_set_cursor_pos(int, int);
KEY term_read_key(void);

void die(const char *);

/*****************************************************************************/

int main(int argc, char **argv) {
    editor_init();

    if (argc >= 2)
        editor_open(argv[1]);

    while (E.running) {
        editor_redraw_screen();
        editor_process_key();
    }

    editor_free();
    return 0;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

void editor_init() {
    if (!isatty(STDIN_FILENO)) {
        printf("kilo only supports a terminal at standard in. Exiting.");
        exit(1);
    }

    if (term_enable_raw() == -1) die("term_enable_raw");
    if (term_get_win_size(&E.screenrows, &E.screencols) == -1)
        die("term_get_win_size");

    E.cx = E.cy = 0;
    E.row_off = E.col_off = 0;
    E.n_rows = 0;
    E.running = true;

    E.rb = rb_init();
    E.ib = ib_init(128);
}

void editor_free() {
    term_clear();
    ib_free(E.ib);
}

void editor_open(char *filename) {
    FILE *file = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (!file) die("fopen");

    char *line = NULL;
    size_t linecap = 0;
    int linelen = -1;

    while ((linelen = getline(&line, &linecap, file)) != -1) {
        while (linelen > 0 && (line[linelen-1] == '\n' || line[linelen-1] == '\r'))
            linelen--;

        editor_append_row(line, linelen);
    }

    free(line);
    fclose(file);
}


void editor_redraw_screen() {
    if (term_cursor_hidden(true) == -1) die("term_cursor_hidden");

    editor_draw_rows();
    rb_write(E.rb);
    rb_clear(E.rb);

    int row_pos = E.cy - E.row_off + 1;
    int col_pos = E.cx - E.col_off + 1;
    if (term_set_cursor_pos(row_pos, col_pos) == -1)
        die("term_set_cursor_pos");

    if (term_cursor_hidden(false) == -1)
        die("term_cursor_hidden");
}

void editor_draw_rows() {
    term_set_cursor_pos(1, 1);

    for (int y = 0; y < E.screenrows; y++) {
        bool in_file = y < E.n_rows - E.row_off;
        bool no_file = E.n_rows == 0;

        if (in_file) {
            struct EROW curr_row = E.rows[y + E.row_off];
            int max_len = MIN(curr_row.n_chars - E.col_off, E.screencols);

            rb_append(E.rb, curr_row.chars + E.col_off, MAX(max_len, 0));
        } else if (no_file && y == E.screenrows / 2) {
            char welcome[64];
            int len = snprintf(welcome, sizeof(welcome),
                               "Welcome to kilo! -- v%s", KILO_VERSION);

            int padding = (E.screencols - len) / 2;
            for (int i = 0; i < padding; i++)
                rb_append(E.rb, (i == 0 ? "~" : " "), 1);

            rb_append(E.rb, welcome, len);
        } else rb_append(E.rb, "~", 1);

        rb_append(E.rb, "\x1b[K", 3); // Delete line to right of cursor
        if (y < E.screenrows - 1)
            rb_append(E.rb, "\r\n", 2);
    }
}

void editor_append_row(const char *s, int len) {
    E.rows = realloc(E.rows, sizeof(struct EROW) * (E.n_rows + 1));

    E.rows[E.n_rows].chars = malloc(len);
    memcpy(E.rows[E.n_rows].chars, s, len);

    E.rows[E.n_rows++].n_chars = len;
}


void editor_process_key() {
    KEY c = ib_read(E.ib);

    switch (c) {
        case ARROW_LEFT:
        case ARROW_DOWN:
        case ARROW_UP:
        case ARROW_RIGHT:
        case HOME:
        case END:
        case PG_UP:
        case PG_DOWN:
            editor_move_cursor(c);
            editor_adjust_viewport();
            break;

        case CTRL_KEY('Q'):
            E.running = false;
            break;
    }
}

void editor_move_cursor(KEY key) {
    struct EROW *row = (E.cy < E.n_rows) ? E.rows + E.cy : NULL;

    switch (key) {
        case ARROW_LEFT:
            if (E.cx > 0) E.cx--;
            else if (E.cy > 0) E.cx = E.rows[--E.cy].n_chars;
            break;
        case ARROW_DOWN:
            if (E.cy < E.n_rows) E.cy++;
            break;
        case ARROW_UP:
            if (E.cy > 0) E.cy--;
            break;
        case ARROW_RIGHT:
            if (E.cx < (row ? row->n_chars : 0)) E.cx++;
            else if (E.cy < E.n_rows) {
                E.cx = 0;
                E.cy++;
            }
            break;

        case HOME:
            E.cx = 0;
            break;
        case END:
            E.cx = row ? row->n_chars : 0;
            break;

        case PG_UP:
            if ((E.cy -= E.screenrows) < 0)
                E.cy = 0;
            break;
        case PG_DOWN:
            if ((E.cy += E.screenrows) > E.n_rows)
                E.cy = E.n_rows;
            break;
    }

    // TODO: implement this vim style
    row = (E.cy < E.n_rows) ? E.rows + E.cy : NULL;
    if (E.cx > (row ? row->n_chars : 0))
        E.cx = (row ? row->n_chars : 0);
}

void editor_adjust_viewport() {
    if (E.row_off > E.cy)
        E.row_off = E.cy;

    if (E.col_off > E.cx)
        E.col_off = E.cx;

    if (E.row_off < E.cy - (E.screenrows - 1))
        E.row_off = E.cy - (E.screenrows - 1);

    if (E.col_off < E.cx - (E.screencols - 1))
        E.col_off = E.cx - (E.screencols - 1);
}

/*****************************************************************************/

struct render_buf {
    char *s;
    int size;
    int capacity;
};

struct render_buf *rb_init() {
    size_t buf_size = sizeof(struct render_buf);
    struct render_buf *rb = (struct render_buf *) malloc(buf_size);

    rb->s = NULL;
    rb->size = 0;
    rb->capacity = 0;

    return rb;
}

void rb_append(struct render_buf *rb, const char *s, int size) {
    if (rb->size + size > rb->capacity) {
        rb->s = realloc(rb->s, rb->size + size);
        rb->capacity = rb->size + size;
    }

    memcpy(rb->s + rb->size, s, size);
    rb->size += size;
}

void rb_write(struct render_buf *rb) {
    write(STDOUT_FILENO, rb->s, rb->size);
}

void rb_clear(struct render_buf *rb) {
    rb->capacity = rb->size;
    rb->s = realloc(rb->s, rb->capacity);

    rb->size = 0;
}

void rb_free(struct render_buf *rb) {
    free(rb->s);
    free(rb);
}


struct input_buf {
    KEY *carr; // Circular array
    int read_i;
    int write_i;
    int capacity; // Actual capacity is one less
};

struct input_buf *ib_init(int capacity) {
    struct input_buf *ib = malloc(sizeof(struct input_buf));

    ib->carr = (KEY *) malloc(sizeof(KEY) * capacity);
    ib->write_i = 0;
    ib->read_i  = 0;
    ib->capacity = capacity;

    return ib;
}

void ib_write(struct input_buf *ib, KEY key) {
    if ((ib->write_i + 1) % (int) ib->capacity == ib->read_i) // Buffer full
        die("ib_write");

    ib->carr[ib->write_i] = key;
    ib->write_i = (ib->write_i + 1) % ib->capacity;
}

KEY ib_read(struct input_buf *ib) {
    if (ib_empty(ib)) ib_write(ib, term_read_key());

    KEY key = ib->carr[ib->read_i];
    ib->read_i = (ib->read_i + 1) % ib->capacity;

    return key;
}

bool ib_empty(struct input_buf *ib) {
    return ib->write_i == ib->read_i;
}

void ib_free(struct input_buf *ib) {
    free(ib->carr);
    free(ib);
}

/*****************************************************************************/

int term_enable_raw() {
    if (tcgetattr(STDIN_FILENO, &E.orig_termios) == -1) return -1;
    atexit(term_disable_raw);

    struct termios raw = E.orig_termios;
    cfmakeraw(&raw);

    raw.c_cc[VMIN]  = 0;
    raw.c_cc[VTIME] = 10;

    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &raw) == -1) return -1;

    return 0;
}

void term_disable_raw() {
    if (tcsetattr(STDIN_FILENO, TCSAFLUSH, &E.orig_termios) == -1)
        die ("term_disable_raw");
}

int term_clear() {
    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[2J", 4) != 4) return -1;
    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[H", 3) != 3) return -1;
    return 0;

}

int term_cursor_hidden(bool hidden) {
    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, (hidden ? "\x1b[?25l" : "\x1b[?25h"), 6) != 6)
        return -1;

    return 0;
}

int term_get_win_size(int *row, int *col) {
    struct winsize ws;

    if (ioctl(STDOUT_FILENO, TIOCGWINSZ, &ws) != -1 && ws.ws_col != 0) {
        *row = ws.ws_row;
        *col = ws.ws_col;

        return 0;
    } else {
        if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[999C\x1b[999B", 12) != 12) return -1;

        return term_get_cursor_pos(row, col);
    }
}

int term_get_cursor_pos(int *row, int *col) {
    char buf[32];

    if (write(STDOUT_FILENO, "\x1b[6n", 4) != 4) return -1;

    for (int i = 0; i < (int) sizeof(buf); i++) {
        if (read(STDIN_FILENO, buf+i, 1) == 0 || buf[i] == 'R') {
            buf[i] = '\0';
            break;
        }
    }

    if (sscanf(buf, "\x1b[%d;%d", row, col) == EOF)
        return -1;

    return 0;
}

int term_set_cursor_pos(int row, int col) {
    char buf[16];

    int len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\x1b[%d;%dH", row, col);
    len = (len >= (int) sizeof(buf) ? (int) sizeof(buf) - 1 : len);

    if ((int) write(STDOUT_FILENO, buf, len) != len) return -1;
    return 0;
}

KEY term_read_key() {
    char c;
    while (read(STDIN_FILENO, &c, 1) == 0);

    if (c == '\x1b') {
        char buf[8] = { '\0' };

        for (int i = 0; i < (int) sizeof(buf); i++) {
            if (read(STDIN_FILENO, buf+i, 1) == 0) break;

            char escape_char;
            if (sscanf(buf, "[%c~", &escape_char) != EOF) {
                switch (escape_char) {
                    case 'A': return ARROW_UP;
                    case 'B': return ARROW_DOWN;
                    case 'C': return ARROW_RIGHT;
                    case 'D': return ARROW_LEFT;
                    case 'H': return HOME;
                    case 'F': return END;
                }
            }

            int escape_int;
            if (sscanf(buf, "[%d~", &escape_int) != EOF) {
                switch (escape_int) {
                    case 1:
                    case 7:
                        return HOME;
                    case 3:
                        return DEL;
                    case 4:
                    case 8:
                        return END;
                    case 5:
                        return PG_UP;
                    case 6:
                        return PG_DOWN;
                }
            }
        }

        return NOP;
    }

    return (KEY) c;
}

/*****************************************************************************/

void die(const char *s) {
    term_clear();

    perror(s);
    exit(1);
}